In the layered rock formation, the anchor rod suspends the lower unstable rock layer on the upper stable rock layer, and the tension on the anchor rod comes from the suspended rock layer. In the thin rock layer without a stable rock layer, after the anchor rod is installed, the clamping force of the anchor rod will increase the friction between the layers. This friction can prevent the rock from continuing to slide along the layer, thereby locking several thin rock layers into a thicker rock layer through the anchor rod. When the prestressed anchor rod is installed in the fracture zone of the surrounding rock of the arched tunnel, a compressive stress distributed in the form of a cone will be formed at both ends of the rod body.
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